Development of Integrated Solar-Powered Wireless Smart IoT-based Water Level Monitoring Embedded System

Abstract

Agriculture has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, driven by technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile internet. These advancements have greatly improved farm efficiency and profitability by simplifying operations, reducing costs, and enhancing production management. This progress is especially evident in irrigation, where traditional methods often lead to water waste and inefficiency. Smart farming solutions using IoT are crucial for addressing these challenges. In this study, the researchers developed a prototype for a solar-powered, wireless IoT-based water level monitoring system designed to optimize irrigation in paddy fields. This system included an ultrasonic sensor for precise water level measurement, a microcontroller for data processing, wireless modules for data transmission, and a solar power unit to ensure continuous operation, even without sunlight. They integrated these components and tested the system under controlled conditions to assess its performance. The testing demonstrated that the system could measure water levels with 99.50% accuracy and could operate for up to 15 hours on stored solar energy, even without sunlight. These findings suggest that the system can provide precise, real-time control over water distribution, minimizing waste and improving irrigation efficiency. The broader implications of this research indicate that IoTbased technologies can significantly enhance sustainable farming practices. Efficient water management can help address critical issues such as water scarcity and food security. Future work should focus on detailed cost analysis and real-world field evaluations to ensure the system’s practicality and effectiveness before conducting broader pilot tests in diverse agricultural environments.